• an audio internet appliance that speaks recipe ingredients and instructions to you, and steps you through the process. Click here to see this semantic definition.
• tourism and hospitality providers that return restaurant opening hours, a menu, location, access to reservations, customer ratings, price range, etc, click here
• retail middle-men who have customers that are buying a product and want to compare similar products and prices, to see user ratings, user reviews, product attributes, photos, etc, click here
• Bookclub applications click here

Working with semantic coding methods

ld+json

• "ld" stands for "Linked Data". Within the HTML code of a web page this linked data, using named definitions from that schema, is stored in json format. It can be found within a "script" tag:
  

  <script type="application/ld+json">
  

  json data

  </script>
• json is a protocol used to efficiently store structured data in a textual format.
• a developer just has to identify the named entity @type and then instantiate and populate the object class which maps to the proper schema entity -- viola, real semantics! Here is an example -- a 'Recipe'' type from this web site:
  https://www.mandyolive.com/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna/
  
  
  Interesting tidbit: this has 'how-to' nodes -- these nodes are used by Amazon Alexa and other platforms to provide step-by-step spoken instructions in your kitchen



JSON data:

{
    "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org",
    "@type": "Recipe",
    "name": "Pesto Mushroom Bolognese Lasagna",
    "author": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "mandyolive.com"
    },
    "datePublished": "2020-05-05",
    "recipeYield": 6,
    "description": "A twist on this slow-cooked Italian-style favorite. This mushroom bolognese style sauce is laced between sheets of lasagna, creamy pesto ricotta, and topped with gooey cheese. \ufeff",
    "image": [
    "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna-feature-photo.png"
    ],
    "prepTime": "PT30M",
    "cookTime": "PT1H15M",
    "performTime": "PT1H15M",
    "totalTime": "PT1H45M",
    "recipeIngredient": [
    "1 pound fresh mushrooms, chopped",
    "1 fennel bulb (stalks + fronds if available), diced.\u00a0",
    "1 large carrot, peeled + grated (about 1\/3 c.)",
    "4 cloves of garlic, grated",
    "1 cup dry white wine",
    "1 (28 ounce) can diced or crushed tomatoes",
    "1\/4 cup tomato paste",
    "2 teaspoons dried herbs",
    "Salt + Pepper",
    "2 cups whole milk ricotta cheese",
    "1 cup whole milk\u00a0",
    "1 box lasagna noodles",
    "2 cups Fontina or Provolone cheese",
    "Fresh mozzarella, torn",
    "Freshly grated Parmesan or Asiago cheese",
    "Flat leaf parsley, finely chopped\u00a0",
    "2 cups mixture of power greens salad blend, (baby kale, arugula, spinach, swiss chard), flat-leaf parsley, and fennel fronds.\u00a0",
    "2 tablespoons nuts or seeds, I used almonds",
    "1 clove garlic",
    "1\/2 cup Parmesan",
    "1\/2 cup good quality olive oil"
    ],
    "recipeInstructions": [
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Add all ingredients, except for the olive oil, into a food processor. Pulse the mixture while slowly adding olive oil (you may not use all of it). The greens should be finely chopped, and the consistency of the pesto should be thick but not paste-like.",
        "position": 1,
        "name": "Add all ingredients, except for the olive oil,...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_1"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Once the pesto is finished, mix it with the ricotta cheese and set it aside.",
        "position": 2,
        "name": "Once the pesto is finished, mix it with...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_2"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Place the lasagna noodles in a large 9 x 13-inch baking dish, pour enough hot water over to cover. Set aside for 30 minutes or until soft and pliable. Drain the noodles, separate them, and set aside.",
        "position": 3,
        "name": "Place the lasagna noodles in a large 9...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_3"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Clean the mushrooms with a wet paper towel to remove any residual dirt. Dry thoroughly with a clean kitchen towel or additional paper towels, then quarter, or thick-slice, each mushroom. You can chop them a bit smaller if they are on the larger side.",
        "position": 4,
        "name": "Clean the mushrooms with a wet paper towel...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_4"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Heat a 4.5 qt. dutch oven over medium-high heat and oil with 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Sear the first side of the mushroom for about two minutes. Try not to move them around. Just leave them to brown. Once the initial side is golden brown and some of the liquid has released, toss and sear the other sides--about 1 - 2 more minutes more.",
        "position": 5,
        "name": "Heat a 4.5 qt. dutch oven over medium-high...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_5"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Next, add an additional tablespoon of oil if needed. Lower the heat to medium-low, add the grated carrots, diced fennel bulb, and stalks (if using). Season with dried herbs, and a large pinch of salt and pepper. Saute until translucent and tender-- approx. 10-15 mins. Then add garlic. Cook the vegetables tossing frequently for another 1 - 2 minutes.",
        "position": 6,
        "name": "Next, add an additional tablespoon of oil if...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_6"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Once the mushrooms have finished browning and have reduced in size by half, the vegetables have softened, and the garlic is fragrant, deglaze the pan with white wine. Scraping the bottom.",
        "position": 7,
        "name": "Once the mushrooms have finished browning and have...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_7"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Next, add the tomatoes (with juice), tomato paste, and milk. Stirring to combine. Simmer the sauce over medium-low heat for at least 30 minutes. The sauce should just barely bubble. Stirring occasionally while scraping the bottom of the pot. The consistency of Bolognese is on the thicker side, so when the sauce is done, a little more than half of the liquid should be evaporated.",
        "position": 8,
        "name": "Next, add the tomatoes (with juice), tomato paste,...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_8"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F, Grease a 9x13 inch baking dish with butter or olive oil, then spread 1\/4 of the sauce onto the bottom of the pan. Alternate layers of lasagna sheets, pesto ricotta cheese, bolognese sauce, shredded cheeses, and any leftover salad greens. After, top the finished lasagna with remaining bolognese sauce and remaining shredded cheese. Top the pesto mushroom bolognese lasagna with torn pieces of mozzarella and grated parmesan or asiago.",
        "position": 9,
        "name": "Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F, Grease...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_9"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Bake loosely covered with aluminum foil for 30 minutes or until the lasagna has cooked through and the top is bubbly. Remove the foil and cook for an additional 15 minutes until the lasagna is golden brown. Additionally, you can hit it with the broiler to help brown the top.",
        "position": 10,
        "name": "Bake loosely covered with aluminum foil for 30...",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_10"
    },
    {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "text": "Garnish with fresh, flat-leaf parsley and fennel fronds. Let stand for 10 minutes before serving.",
        "position": 11,
        "name": "Garnish with fresh, flat-leaf parsley and fennel fronds....",
        "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/#mv_create_64_11"
    }
    ],
    "keywords": "pesto bolognese lasagna, mushroom bolognese, meatless lasagna recipes, spinach lasagna recipes, vegetable lasagna recipes, fennel recipes, what to do with fennel bulb, pesto mushroom bolognese lasagna, easy lasagna recipe, easy pesto recipes, how to make pesto, what to do with pesto, mushroom lasagna recipes, vegetarian lasagna recipes, how to make lasagna, the best lasagna recipes, no-boil pasta recipes, pesto pasta recipes, recipes for a crowd, pasta recipes, dinner recipes, easy pasta sauce recipes,  homemade lasagna recipes, how to make lasagna, ",
    "nutrition": {
    "@type": "NutritionInformation",
    "calories": "542 calories",
    "carbohydrateContent": "21 grams carbohydrates",
    "cholesterolContent": "82 milligrams cholesterol",
    "fatContent": "39 grams fat",
    "fiberContent": "5 grams fiber",
    "proteinContent": "25 grams protein",
    "saturatedFatContent": "16 grams saturated fat",
    "servingSize": "1",
    "sodiumContent": "723 grams sodium",
    "sugarContent": "8 grams sugar",
    "transFatContent": "0 grams trans fat",
    "unsaturatedFatContent": "21 grams unsaturated fat"
    },
    "url": "https:\/\/www.mandyolive.com\/pesto-mushroom-bolognese-lasagna\/"
}